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Summis desiderantes affectibus
''Summis desiderantes affectibus'' (Latin: "Desiring with supreme ardor")〔The name is sometimes abbreviated ''Summis desiderantes'' (Kors and Peters, p. 180; Burr, p. 7). Burr also refers to this document as ''The Witch-Bull of 1484''.〕〔 was a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent VIII on December 5, 1484.
==Background==
Belief in witchcraft is ancient. In the book of Deuteronomy it states: "Let there not be found among you anyone who immolates his son or daughter in the fire, nor a fortune-teller, soothsayer, charmer, diviner, or caster of spells, nor one who consults ghosts and spirits or seeks oracles from the dead.〔NAB, Deut. 18:11-12〕
Early Irish canons treated sorcery as a crime to be visited with excommunication until adequate penance had been performed. Pope Gregory VII in 1080 wrote to Harald III of Denmark forbidding witches to be put to death upon presumption of their having caused storms or failure of crops or pestilence. According to Herbert Thurston, the fierce denunciation and persecution of supposed sorceresses which characterized the cruel witch hunts of a later age, were not generally found in the first thirteen hundred years of the Christian era.〔(Thurston, Herbert. "Witchcraft." The Catholic Encyclopedia ) Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 12 Jul. 2015〕
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